Swirl marks are a physics problem: how desert dust scratches clearcoat
Look at any dark car under the sodium lights of a petrol station forecourt at night and you will see them: fine circular scratches that light up like a spider web. Those swirl marks are not caused by driving. They are caused by washing — specifically, by dragging desert dust across the paint. UAE dust is not soft household dust; it contains a high proportion of quartz silica, which is harder than clearcoat. Wipe a dusty panel with a dry cloth and you are effectively sanding your car with very fine sandpaper.
This is why the cheap wash is often the expensive one. A brush wash, a bucket wash with a single bucket, or a well-meaning building watchman with a dry rag will each install thousands of micro-scratches per session. Individually invisible, collectively they scatter light and make the paint look dull and grey. A proper wash in this climate follows a strict sequence: pre-rinse or snow-foam to float the grit off before anything touches the panel, then a lubricated wash mitt, then two buckets so the grit rinsed out of the mitt never returns to the paint.